中国石化新闻网讯 据海湾新闻网2023年3月4日柏林报道，德国计划将其羽翼未丰的液化天然气（LNG）行业转变为向一些邻国供应这种清洁燃料的中心，因为欧洲正在寻求管道天然气供应的替代方案。
自去年以来，由于担心供应削减导致天然气短缺，这个欧洲大陆最大的经济体迅速采用了LNG。现在，德国希望扩大处理这种超冷燃料的能力，以便在未来几年增加对“主要是东欧”的国家的天然气出口。
德国已经快速推进了几个LNG项目——包括威廉港和卢布明港的终端——并计划在未来几个月和几年开放更多的浮式和陆基设施。德国政府认为有必要提高能源安全能力，尽管批评人士表示，化石燃料运输的大规模过剩会危及气候目标。
根据德国经济部提交给德国预算委员会的一份报告，柏林预计今年将向欧洲其他国家运送大约55亿立方米的天然气，到2026年将增加到67亿立方米。德国经济部预计，来自捷克共和国、斯洛伐克、奥地利等天然气需求将会增加。
报告称，由于目前的基础设施不足以满足国内外的需求，扩建基础设施符合“欧洲团结”的需要。
报告显示，到2024年前，6个浮式储存和再气化装置的年处理能力将至少可以达到370亿立方米。一旦2026年至2027年布伦斯布特港、施塔特港和威廉港的永久陆上终端开放，这一数字将达到540亿立方米。
根据欧盟公布的统计数据，上述这个数字接近西班牙目前的LNG进口能力。科隆大学能源经济研究所为政府进行的一项研究结果显示，虽然LNG终端并不总是被充分利用，但它将有助于欧洲在没有管道天然气的情况下生存。
去年欧洲国家之间的天然气贸易有所增长，那些拥有多样化供应来源(如LNG)的国家通过管道向邻国输送了更多的燃料，尤其是东欧国家。
去年夏天，英国对欧洲大陆的燃料出口达到创纪录水平，甚至在国内供暖季节也继续出口。英国通常会在较冷的月份从欧洲大陆进口天然气，因为它缺乏储存设施来满足供暖需求高峰。但暖冬和强劲的LNG进口使英国天然气价格基本低于欧盟(EU)，从而鼓励出口。
李峻 编译自 海湾新闻网
原文如下：
Germany wants to become an LNG hub and supply European neighbors
Berlin: Germany plans to turn its fledgling liquefied natural gas sector into a hub for supplying some of its neighbors with fuel as Europe seeks alternatives to flows.
Since last year, the continent’s biggest economy has rapidly adopted LNG amid fears of gas shortages caused supply cuts. Now it wants to expand capacity for handling the super-chilled fuel so that it can boost exports to nations - mostly in eastern Europe- in the coming years.
Germany has already fast-tracked several LNG projects - including terminals in Wilhelmshaven and Lubmin - and plans to open more floating and land-based facilities in the months and years ahead. The government sees a need to boost capacities to ensure energy security, though critics say that massive overcapacity for transporting the fossil fuel endangers climate goals.
Berlin expects to ship about 5.5 billion cubic meters of fuel to European nations this year, rising to 6.7 billion in 2026, according to an Economy Ministry report for the budget committee. It sees demand for deliveries from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria.
With current infrastructure not sufficient to meet demand home and abroad, the expansion is in line with what’s needed “and necessary in terms of European solidarity,” according to the report.
By 2024, six floating storage and regasification units could allow capacity to handle at least 37 billion cubic meters per year, the report showed. The figure could reach 54 billion cubic meters>That’s close to Spain’s current LNG import capacity, according to European Union data. While LNG terminals aren’t always fully used, it would help Europe live without pipeline gas, a study by the Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne for the government showed.
Gas trade between European countries increased last year, when those with diversified supply sources - such as LNG - sent more fuel to neighbors by pipeline, especially in eastern Europe.
The UK boosted fuel shipments to the continent to a record last summer and continued deliveries even during the heating season. Britain normally would import gas from mainland Europe in colder months as it lacks storage to cover peak heating demand. But a mild winter and strong LNG imports kept UK gas prices mostly below those in the EU, encouraging exports.
