据今日油价7月29日报道，全球石油巨头埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil) 在南美进行了大量投资，使其成为圭亚那近海石油繁荣的驱动力。这家综合能源公司在660万英亩的Stabroek近海区块取得了惊人的成功，持有45%的股份，是该区块的运营商，合作伙伴Hess持有30%股份。
自2015年以来，埃克森美孚在Stabroek区块获得了20个石油发现，最新的是2021年6月发现的Longtail-3油田，估计可采资源约为90亿桶。这些高质量的发现包括轻质低硫原油。由于越来越严格的硫排放法规导致重质高硫原油的受欢迎程度下降，轻质低硫原油的需求正在强劲增长。
考虑到Liza第一阶段35美元/桶和2022年投产的Liza第二阶段25美元/桶的低盈亏平衡价格，埃克森美孚选择优先投资圭亚那海上资源，这就解释了该公司为何在2021年开展大规模钻探活动。
除了Stabroek区块计划的15口井外，埃克森美孚在2021年1月启动了临近Canje区块的三口井钻井计划，该区块位于Stabroek区块的东北部。石油一体化综合公司是该区块的运营商，持有35%的股份，与道达尔、JHI Associates和Mid-Atlantic oil and Gas的合作伙伴分别持有35%、17.5%和12.5%的股份。尽管预计Canje区块具有与Stabroek区块相当的油气潜力，但埃克森的钻探活动尚未取得任何成功。
2021年1月，这家石油巨头在Canje区块开钻了第一口勘探井bullet - wood-1，但未能发现任何可商业开采的油气。第二口勘探井jabilo -1随后与合作伙伴JHI Associates一起在2021年7月初开钻，并宣布未发现可商业化的油气资源。这些糟糕的结果并没有阻止埃克森美孚继续推进钻探活动，该公司将继续钻探萨波特-1号井，该井将在jabilo -1东南方向100多公里处开钻。据悉，这将使Sapote-1更靠近Stabroek区块的油气通道，并包含Apache和Total energy在苏里南海上58区块的四个发现。这将提高埃克森美孚在圭亚那近海发现可商业开发油气资源的可能性。此前一年，该公司的钻探活动未能取得任何显著成功，钻探结果不佳的油井包括Tanager-1井，这是埃克森美孚在圭亚那近海Kaieteur区块第一口钻井，该区块位于Stabroek区块北部，于2020年11月干涸。
2021年1月，埃克森美孚在Stabroek区块钻探的Hassa-1井未能发现可商业开采的油气资源，尽管此后该公司在Uaru-2和Longtail-3井取得了两个重大发现。即使埃克森美孚继续在Kaieteur和Canje区块进行无效钻探，但该公司在Stabroek区块取得的巨大成功也足以弥补这一损失。
在艰难的2020年即将结束之际，埃克森美孚宣布将专注于未来潜在价值最高的资产，即圭亚那近海、巴西盐下近海油气盆地和二叠纪盆地。埃克森美孚为何将重点转向这些资产，并在圭亚那近海投入大量资金，其实很容易理解。这家石油巨头从圭亚那政府那里获得了Stabroek区块的一笔私下交易。根据产量分成协议，由埃克森、HESS组成的财团将与乔治敦大学平分石油利润。此外，圭亚那的石油收入总额仅为2%，是全球最低的，圭亚那政府有责任偿还财团的所有开发、废弃和运营费用。如此高收益的合同大大降低了Stabroek区块开发的风险，并将提高埃克森美孚的盈利能力，特别是在考虑到较低的盈亏平衡价格后。埃克森美孚预计，在Liza二期和Payara资产分别于2022年和2024年投产后，到2026年，Stabroek区块的日产量将超过75万桶。这将为埃克森美孚的液态原油产量增加大量高利润的轻质低硫原油，API比重为32，含硫量为0.58%。值得一提的是，2021年第一季度平均日产量达到226万桶。
如果埃克森美孚能够利用其在Stabroek区块取得的巨大成功，并在圭亚那近海发现其他大量原油，那么这个超级大国的低成本液体产量和最终盈利能力将继续增长。
王佳晶 摘译自 今日油价
原文如下：
Why Exxon Is Doubling Down align="justify"> Global oil supermajor ExxonMobil is investing heavily in South America seeing it become the driving force behind Guyana’s offshore oil boom. The integrated energy company is reporting stunning successes in the offshore 6.6-million-acre Stabroek block where it is the operator and holds a 45% interest with partner Hess owning 30%. Since 2015, Exxon has made a notable 20 oil discoveries in the Stabroek block, the latest being the June 2021 Longtail-3 discovery, giving the energy supermajor estimated recoverable resources of around nine billion barrels of crude oil. Those high-quality discoveries are comprised of light sweet crude oil which is experiencing strong demand growth because of ever-stricter sulfur emission regulations causing the popularity of heavier sour crude oil grades to decline. When combined with low breakeven prices of $35 per barrel for Liza Phase 1 and $25 a barrel for Liza Phase 2, which comes align="justify"> Toward the end of a very difficult 2020, Exxon announced it was focusing on those assets with the highest future potential value, offshore Guyana, Brazil’s pre-salt offshore oil basins, and the Permian. It is easy to see why Exxon shifted its focus to those assets and is investing considerable capital in offshore Guyana. The oil supermajor was able to secure a sweetheart deal from Guyana’s government for the Stabroek block. The Production Sharing Agreement sees the consortium, comprised of Exxon, Hess, splitting oil profits 50-50 with Georgetown. In conjunction with a very low 2% royalty payable on gross oil revenues, which is among the lowest globally, Guyana’s government is liable to reimburse the consortium for all development, abandonment, and operating expenses. Such a highly beneficial contract significantly reduces the risks associated with developing the Stabroek block and will boost Exxon’s profitability, especially after the low break-even prices are considered. Exxon expects after the Liza Phase 2 and Payara assets come online in 2022 and 2024 respectively, to be pumping more than 750,000 barrels daily from the Stabroek block by 2026. This will add a considerable quantity of highly profitable light sweet crude oil, with an API gravity of 32 degrees and 0.58% sulfur content, to Exxon’s liquids production, which averaged 2.26 million barrels daily for the first quarter of 2021. If Exxon can capitalize on its substantial success in the Stabroek block and make other substantial crude oil discoveries in offshore Guyana, then the supermajor’s low-cost liquids production and ultimately profitability will keep growing.
