据油价网休斯敦报道，240%：这是2020年第三季度与第二季度相比，美国增加的电池储存容量。240%当然是一个令人印象深刻的数字——这是伍德麦肯兹和美国储能协会（ESA）研究的结果。然而，更令人印象深刻的是，这个数字可能只是一个储能增长长期趋势的开始——对于一个希望有一天依赖太阳能和风能提供大部分电力的世界来说，这是一个急需的趋势。
间歇性是太阳能和风能完全取代化石燃料和核能的最大障碍。太阳并不是全天候都在发光，也不是全年发光，而风也不是一直不停地在吹。为了弥补这一间歇性——储存阳光高峰期产生的多余电力，风力电池储存被吹捧为最简单和最有效的解决方案。
尽管电池储能并不特别便宜，至少目前还不便宜，但电池储能仍因此一直在增加，甚至在一些新的太阳能和风能发电招标中，电池储能被视为合同必不可少的一部分。
根据伍德麦肯兹和美国储能协会公布的统计数据，美国2020年第三季度电池储存容量增加了475兆瓦。大部分电池储能都放在仪表储存的前面，这种储存与公用事业规模的太阳能和风能装置配套，对大规模提高太阳能和风能的可靠性至关重要。根据这项研究，美国2020年第三季度新增的仪表前储能总计近400兆瓦和578兆瓦时，超过了过去7年其他任何一个季度的总储能装机容量。
截至2020年，美国的能源储存能力为1.2吉瓦。到2025年前，这一数字将上升到7.5吉瓦，主要驱动力是太阳能和风力发电场的大规模储存设施，届时太阳能将占据主导地位，占据大部分装机容量。但更长远的目标更加雄心勃勃：美国储能协会预计，到2030年前，美国的能源储存能力将达到100吉瓦。这将是一个巨大的增长，在短短5年内达到2025年7.5吉瓦的目标。但是根据伍德麦肯兹和美国储能协会的研究人员的说法，随着新增设施的上线，目前由公用事业规模的储存创造的纪录将不会维持很长时间。
事实上，仅在加州，现在有超过500兆瓦的在建新电池储存容量：由于加州越来越远离化石燃料，300兆瓦的新建电池储存容量建在已经闲置的前莫斯兰迪发电厂，2021年将在这个发电厂增加100兆瓦的新电池储存容量以及一个182.5兆瓦的电池储能装置也将在2021年开始运行。除此之外，美国在长滩正在建造另外一个100兆瓦的设施，在旧金山附近的另一个150兆瓦的设施已经开始建设。加州已经意识到太阳能和风能需要与储存设施相结合。
电池储存容量的大幅增长并非没有问题。加州的电费在美国是最高的。此外，大型新设施提供的储存时间也不是特别长。虽然第三季度新增功能研究的作者没有透露细节，但耶鲁环境360的卡茨指出，莫斯兰迪发电厂的计划是最终拥有足够为整个旧金山市供电6个小时的储存空间。然而，近600兆瓦的装机容量不足以做到这一点。为了做到这一点，特斯拉时下正在澳大利亚建设的300兆瓦电池储存设施将能够储存足够50万户家庭使用一小时的电力。
这可能是能源储存的致命弱点：成本效益。公平地说，过去几年能源储存的成本大幅下降：根据美国能源信息署(EIA)的数据，电池每千瓦时储能成本从2015年的2152美元降至2018年的625美元，此后还在继续下降。但正如怀疑者所指出的那样，它们还没有进化到足以完全取代化石燃料的程度，而化石燃料相对于可再生能源的主要(或许是唯一的)优势是能源供应的可靠性。
如果太阳继续照耀，而风继续拂面，两个小时的电力供应对于偶尔停电是可以接受的。短期储能已被证明是一些所谓的只在消耗高峰期间运行的发电厂的成功替代。但如果消耗高峰发生在阴天，会发生什么呢?这个问题的答案不在储能支持者喜欢讨论的主题之列，这是因为这意味着这个技术存在局限性，而局限性可能是严重的。
然而，储能技术在不断发展，这是一个好消息。这不仅关乎成本下降，也关乎效益。为了寻找可再生能源的圣杯，人们正在研究和开发新的电池。因为如果没有长持续时间的、廉价的储存，能量转换可能不会发生。
李峻 编译自 油价网
原文如下：
U.S. Looks To Boost Energy Storage By 525% By 2025
240 percent: this is the increase in battery storage capacity added in the United States during the third quarter of this year, compared with the second quarter. 240 percent is certainly an impressive figure—the result of research by Wood Mackenzie and the U.S. Energy Storage Association. What’s more impressive, however, is that this may just be the start of a long-term trend—a much-needed trend for a world that is hoping to someday rely Even though it is not particularly cheap, at least not yet, battery storage has therefore been In the United States, the third quarter saw battery storage additions of 475 MW, according to Wood Mac and the Energy Storage Association. The great bulk of it was front of the meter storage, the kind that goes with utility-scale solar and wind installations and the kind that is essential for boosting the reliability of solar and wind The United States had storage capacity of 1.2 GW as of this year. By 2025, this should rise to 7.5 GW, the main drivers being large-scale storage facilities at solar and wind farms, although solar will be in the lead, accounting for most of that capacity. But goals for the longer term are even more ambitious: the Energy Storage Association eyes storage capacity of 100 GW by 2030. That would be a huge increase Indeed, in California alone, there is more than 500 MW of new battery capacity under construction right now: a 300-MW battery at the site of the former Moss Landing power plant that was idled as California moved further away from fossil fuels, another 100-MW battery to be added to it next year, and a 182.5-MW stack, also to start operating next year at the Moss Landing plant. In addition to these, Cheryl Katz writes for Yale Environment 360, another 100 MW are being built in Long Beach, and construction has started This massive growth in storage capacity is not without its problems. Californianspay some of the highest electricity bills in the United States. Also, the duration of the storage the massive new facilities provide is not particularly long. While the authors of the third-quarter additions research stopped short of going into details, Yale Environment 360’s Katz noted plans for the Moss Landing site are to eventually have enough storage to power the whole of San Francisco for six hours. Yet almost 600 MW in capacity will not be enough to do that. For context, Tesla’s 300-MW battery storage facility under construction in Australia will be able to store enough electricity to power half a million households for This is probably the Achilles heel of energy storage: cost efficiency. To be fair, costs have fallen steeply over the past few years: according to the Energy Information Administration, the cost of battery storage per kWh fell from $2,152 in 2015 to $625 in 2018 and has continued to fall since then. But as skeptics point out, they have yet to evolve enough to be able to completely replace fossil fuels, whose main—perhaps Two hours’ worth of electricity supply is okay for the occasional outage if the sun continues shining and the wind continues blowing. Short-duration energy storage has proved to be a successful replacement for some so-called peaker plants that are Energy storage technology is continuously evolving, however, and this is the good news. It’s not just about cost declines, it’s also about efficiency. New batteries are being researched and developed in what is a veritable rush to find the Holy Grail of renewables. Because without long-duration, cheap storage, the energy transition may not happen.
