中国石化新闻网讯 据阿拉伯贸易网2023年1月12日日内瓦报道，一份最新报告指出，全球迫切需要对能源系统进行全面重新评估，以优先制定解决方案，在加强能源安全的同时加速向公正、低碳的未来转型。
世界经济论坛（WEF）1月13日发布的这份题为《确保能源转型》的最新报告提出了一个全面的框架，提供了一个战略蓝图，使安全和弹性成为转型能源体系的支柱，并提出了10项行动，使当前应对能源危机的干预措施与长期能源转型目标相一致。
世界经济论坛“塑造能源、材料和基础设施未来”部门主管罗伯托·博卡表示：“能源危机已使能源安全成为政府和企业议程的首要议题，并促使人们制定出适应能源体系演变和转型需要的应对措施。”“现在的全球能源危机是一个真正的机会，可以更直接地为每个人引向安全、可持续和负担得起的能源未来。这需要彻底的合作和务实的方法，以立即采取行动应对能源转型的复杂性。”
机遇与风险
转型中的能源系统面临着来自不断变化的能源市场以及日益分散、数字化、脱碳和分布式能源供应的机遇和风险，这就需要在新兴背景下重新评估能源安全。
报告提出了一个安全能源系统的全面框架，以指导各国和决策者规划战略行动、政策和法规。
能源危机的近期后果需要立即采取干预措施，但这些应对措施提供了一个宝贵的机会，可以加速迈向一个既安全又可持续的能源未来。
没有短期解决能源危机方法
世界经济论坛能源、材料和基础设施项目负责人埃斯彭·梅拉姆说：“能源危机影响到我们所有人，世界无法承受短期解决能源危机的办法，这可能会增加气候和能源公平的未来风险。好消息是，这场能源危机为平衡能源安全与有效低碳转型的干预措施提供了机会。”
报告提出了以下四个关键主题下的10项即时行动：
供应增援
优先考虑可再生能源的供应，并限制化石燃料的增强达到承诺的减排目标——国际能源署（IEA）建议，每投资1美元用于新化石燃料生产，就投资5美元用于可再生能源。
提倡能源和贸易多元化——过度集中于少数能源供应商是当前能源危机的关键因素。
解决碳氢化合物供应链的甲烷泄漏问题——如果在燃烧前有超过3.4%的天然气逸出，天然气的气候效益并不比煤炭好，但一些油田的甲烷逸出排放率已达到6%或更高。
需求管理
最大限度地提高电气化和能源效率，以缓解和脱碳需求——短期内高天然气价格将提高投资效率和电气化工业和家庭供暖的经济性。
推动社会行为朝着负责任的能源消费方向发展——全球排名前10%的家庭消耗的能源大约是排名后10%的家庭消耗的能源20倍，但有针对性的公共信息和激励措施可以鼓励高端消费者提高效率。
财政措施和投资
利用能源市场的超额利润来弥补清洁能源投资缺口——要实现净零，清洁能源投资需要大幅增加。也可以通过在能源市场的某些部分实现的额外利润(估计为4万亿美元)来实现即时部署。
在不干扰市场信号的情况下，以财政措施瞄准弱势消费者——政府提高能源承受能力的激励和补贴应避免扭曲市场信号，更有针对性，并激励私营部门继续投资和高效消费。
向能源供应和基础设施方面的投资者提供可靠的信号——在低碳能源加速发展的同时，政策制定者需要就天然气需求前景提供明确的指导。
协调和长远策略
与地区同行协调，以实现效率最大化和成本最小化——例如，联合采购和协调安装新的液化天然气进口设施，以防止产能过剩和资产搁浅。
重新审视能源安全战略，考虑改变技术和燃料格局——这场危机为各国全面重新设计其能源安全方法提供了机会。
虽然政府对确保本国能源安全负有主要责任，但以可持续的方式解决这一危机将需要政府、企业、国际组织和个人消费者之间的高度参与和协作。
李峻 编译自 油价网
原文如下:
Accelerate low-carbon transition to overcome energy crisis
A comprehensive reappraisal of energy systems is urgently needed to prioritise solutions that simultaneously enhance energy security while accelerating the transition towards a just, low-carbon future, says a report.
The new report, Securing the Energy Transition, published today by the World Economic Forum, proposes a comprehensive framework that provides a strategic blueprint to make security and resilience the backbone of a transitioing energy system, and 10 actions to align current interventions to address the energy crisis with long term energy transition goals.
“The energy crisis has brought energy security to the forefront of political and corporate agendas and prompted the need to develop responses that are adapted to how the energy system has evolved and to where it needs to transition,” said Roberto Bocca, Head of Shaping the Future of Energy, Materials and Infrastructure, World Economic Forum. “What is now a global crisis is a real opportunity to steer a more direct course towards a secure, sustainable and affordable energy future for everyone. This requires radical collaboration and a pragmatic approach to confront the complexities of the energy transition with immediate actions.”
Opportunities and risks
Energy systems in transition face opportunities and risks from changing energy markets as well as from increasingly decentralised, digitalised, decarbonised and distributed energy supplies – which necessitates a re-evaluation of energy security in the emerging context.
The report proposes a comprehensive framework for a secure energy system to guide countries and policy-makers to plan strategic actions, policies and regulations.
The near-term consequences of the energy crisis require immediate interventions – but these responses offer a valuable opportunity to accelerate progress towards a future for energy that is both secure and sustainable.
No short-term fixes
“The energy crisis impacts us all and the world cannot afford short-term fixes to the energy crisis which could increase future risks to both the climate and energy equity. The good news is that the crisis offers an opportunity for interventions that balance energy security with an effective low-carbon transition,” said Espen Mehlum, Head of Energy, Material and Infrastructure Program, World Economic Forum
The report proposes 10 immediate actions organised under four key themes:
Supply reinforcements
Prioritise supply from renewable energy and constrain fossil fuel reinforcements to committed emission reduction targets – the IEA recommends $5 of investment in renewables for every $1 spent>Advocate for a diversified energy and trade matrix – an over-concentration>Address methane leakage from hydrocarbon supply chains – the climate benefits of natural gas are no better than coal if more than 3.4% of it escapes before combustion, but some fields have fugitive emission rates of 6% or more.
Demand management
Maximise electrification and energy efficiency to alleviate and decarbonise demand – high gas prices in the near term will enhance the economics of investing in efficiencies and electrifying industries and home heating.
Nudge social behaviour towards responsible energy consumption – globally the top 10% of households consume roughly 20 times more energy than the bottom 10%, but targeted public information and incentives could encourage top-end consumers to become more efficient.
Fiscal measures and investments
Leverage excess profits from energy market to bridge clean energy investment gap – to reach net zero, investments in clean energy needs significant increase. Immediate deployment that can be achieved also through leveraging the extra profits – estimated in 4 trillions- that have been realised in some parts of the energy markets.
Target vulnerable consumers with fiscal measures, without interfering in market signals – government incentives and subsidies to improve energy affordability should avoid distorting market signals, be more targeted, and incentivise continued investment by private sector and efficient consumption.
Provide reliable signals to investors in energy supply and infrastructure – clear guidance is needed from policy-makers>Co-ordination and long-term strategy
Co-ordinate with regional peers to maximise efficiency and minimise costs – for example, joint procurement and co-ordinateed new LNG import facility installation to prevent overcapacity and stranded assets.
Revisit energy security strategies considering shifting technology and fuel landscape – this crisis provides an opportunity for countries to comprehensively redesign their approaches to energy security.
While governments are primarily responsible for ensuring their countries’ energy security, addressing this crisis in a sustainable manner will require exceptional levels of engagement from and collaboration between governments, companies, international organisations and individual consumers.-
