中国石化新闻网讯 据烃加工网1月4日报道，据EIA称，在2022年最后一个交易日，西北欧洲的全球基准布伦特原油现货价格以每桶85美元收盘，较2022年1月3日的价格(78美元/桶)上涨了7美元。布伦特原油价格在2022年上半年大幅上涨，但在下半年普遍下跌。美国原油基准价格西得克萨斯中质原油(WTI)的现货价格也遵循了类似的模式，在2022年交易年结束时较1月3日上涨了4美元/桶。2022年布伦特原油现货均价为100美元/桶，WTI现货均价为95美元/桶。
2022年上半年，地缘政治紧张局势导致原油价格上涨。2022年3月8日，地缘政治冲突，加上全球原油库存低，2022年原油价格升至2014年以来经济通胀调整后的最高价格。
WTI的价格走势与2022年的布伦特原油价格相似，均价比布伦特油价低5美元/桶，较2021年低3美元/桶。与2021年相比，布伦特-西得克萨斯原油价差（两种价格之间的差额）在2022年有所增加，因为欧洲国家需要用另一来源的原油取代从产能大国进口的原油供应。欧洲市场也受到美国走强的影响，这使得进口原油更加昂贵。
由于对供应的担忧，今年上半年原油价格上涨。地缘政治冲突是在全球原油库存连续8个季度(从2020年第三季度到2022年第二季度)下降的情况下发生的。库存减少的原因是，在与疫情有关的限制措施放松后，经济活动增加，为了满足需求，提取了库存。
由于担心可能出现经济衰退，原油价格普遍下降。高油价是2022年持续广泛通货膨胀的原因之一，影响了消费者预算和汽油需求。随着汽油价格上涨，原油价格高企导致美国汽油需求下降。去年12月8日，布伦特原油的价格达到了2022年的最低水平，为75美元/桶。
2022年下半年，美国和国际战略石油储备（Strategic Petroleum Reserve）释放计划也增加了原油供应，从而增加了全球原油供应。
郝芬 译自 烃加工网
原文如下：
Crude oil prices increased in first-half 2022 and declined in second-half 2022
In the final trading day of 2022, the spot price of Brent crude oil, a global benchmark priced in Northwest Europe, closed at $85 per barrel (b), $7 higher than the price>In the first half of 2022, geopolitical tension, contributed to crude oil price increases.>The WTI price followed a similar path as the Brent crude oil price in 2022, averaging $5/b less than the Brent crude oil price, compared with $3/b less in 2021. The Brent-WTI crude oil spread (the difference between the two prices) increased in 2022 relative to 2021 because European countries needed to replace crude oil supplies they were importing with crude oil from another source. European markets were also affected by a strong U.S. dollar that made imported crude oil more expensive.
Crude oil prices increased in the first half of the year because of supply concerns. The war came during eight consecutive quarters (from the third quarter of 2020 to the second quarter of 2022) of global crude oil inventory decreases. The lower inventory was the result of withdrawals from storage to meet the demand that resulted from rising economic activity after pandemic-related restrictions eased.
From June 8 through the remainder of 2022, crude oil prices generally decreased as concerns about a possible economic recession reduced demand. High petroleum prices were>Crude oil supply also increased in the second half of the year from U.S. and international Strategic Petroleum Reserve release programs, which increased the global supply of crude oil.
