中国石化新闻网讯 据烃加工网12月26日报道，今年夏天，载有低硫石油产品(包括汽车汽油、柴油、航空燃料和石脑油等精炼石油产品)的石油产品油轮的费率达到了多年来的高点。这些被称为“清洁油轮”的油轮的价格在11月份一直居高不下，主要是受地缘政治冲突的影响。
从历史上看，当石油需求较低时，油轮费率会增加，因为油轮开始用作灵活的浮动储存。2020年4月，由于疫情期间需求减少，原油和精炼石油产品供应过剩，导致清洁油轮和化石燃料油轮的运价均创历史新高。肮脏的油轮主要运载原油，但也可以运输高硫石油产品，如残余燃料油。
清洁石油产品通常由中程(MR)油轮运输，这种油轮通常比化石燃料油轮更小。2020年4月，MR清洁油轮费率高于此前的历史高点，截至2022年11月仍保持在高位。自2022年2月以来，由于地缘政治不确定性和高风险保险费，在与产能大国和欧洲密切相关的港口运营的船舶的清洁油轮费率有所提高。随着油轮费率的提高，欧洲国家开始从远离产能大国的国家购买蒸馏油，而更长的航程时间增加了租船成本，这也增加了石油产品的运输成本。
2022年2月至5月，波罗的海—英国大陆航线MR清洁油轮价格翻了一番，达到每吨36美元以上。该航线的清洁油轮价格在5月至7月期间再次上涨22%，达到44美元/吨。根据现有的最新数据显示，2022年11月，波罗的海—英国大陆航线上MR清洁油轮的费率接近45美元/吨。据贸易媒体和船舶跟踪服务报道，为了弥补进口柴油的减少，欧洲一直在增加来自其他地方的供应，尤其是从美国进口。
2022年前四个月，源自波罗的海（普里莫尔斯克）和黑海（新罗西斯克）海港的油轮运价也大幅上涨。然而，从2022年4月至11月，普里莫尔斯克和新罗西斯克的费率分别下降了约46%和4%。尽管出现了这些下降，但11月的费率比2月的增加了一倍多。
郝芬 译自 烃加工网
原文如下：
Tanker rates for refined petroleum products reach multiyear highs during 2022
Rates for petroleum product tankers that carry low-sulfur petroleum products, including refined petroleum products such as motor gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and naphtha, reached multiyear highs this summer. Rates for these tankers, known as clean tankers, remained elevated through November, driven largely by the effects of the war.
Historically, tanker rates increase when petroleum demand is low because tankers begin to be used as flexible, floating storage. In April 2020, an oversupply of crude oil and refined petroleum products, resulting from decreased demand during the COVID-19 pandemic, drove both clean and dirty tanker rates to record highs. Dirty tankers mostly carry crude oil, but they can also haul high-sulfur petroleum products such as residual fuel oil.
Clean petroleum products are typically transported>Tanker rates for MR clean vessels>Dirty tanker rates for voyages originating in Russian seaports on the Baltic Sea (Primorsk) and the Black Sea (Novorossiysk) also increased significantly in the first four months of 2022. However, from April 2022 to November 2022, rates from Primorsk decreased by about 46% and from Novorossiysk by about 4%. Despite these decreases, rates were more than double in November than what they were in February.
