据9月9日OGJ报道,在9月份的短期能源展望(STEO)中,美国能源信息署(EIA)对全球石油市场的展望与上月基本持平,EIA继续预计2021年第四季度布伦特原油均价将为71美元/桶,2022年将为66美元/桶。
EIA在报告中写道,“近期内,飓风艾达对美国近海生产的影响,墨西哥近海设施的事故报告,以及几个非欧佩克国家低于预期的产量,导致原油产量下降,抵消了低于预期的石油需求对价格的影响。即使在疫苗接种人数不断增加的国家,市场将如何继续处理有关新冠肺炎疫情进一步爆发的新闻,仍然是我们预测中的一个重要不确定性。考虑到不断变化的需求前景,欧佩克+的生产决定也将是未来几个月油价形成的关键驱动因素。我们的预测,是假设欧佩克+的产量通常将保持在较低水平,达到相对平衡的石油市场水平。”
布伦特原油和西德克萨斯中质油(WTI)价格在8月中上旬均出现下跌。为应对新冠肺炎病例增加,欧佩克+原油产量增加,全球石油需求趋平,导致原油价格下跌。这两个基准在8月20日都达到了当月的最低点,即布伦特原油为65美元/桶,WTI为62美元/桶。EIA估计,8月全球石油和液体燃料消费量为9840万桶/日,比2020年8月增加570万桶/日,但仍比2019年8月减少400万桶/日。
在9月的STEO报告中,EIA下调了2021年的全球石油需求预期,考虑到德尔塔变异病毒的扩散造成的影响。EIA主要在2021年中期下调了其石油需求预期,并在2021年第三季度将全球石油需求预期平均下调了50万桶/日。EIA目前预计,2021年全球石油需求将增长500万桶/日,低于上月预测的530万桶/日。EIA还预测,到2022年,全球石油消费量将增加360万桶/日,达到平均1.01亿桶/日,几乎与2019年的水平持平。
美国石油生产方面
8月下旬,在飓风“艾达”(Ida)之后,联邦近海墨西哥湾(GOM)超过90%的原油生产中断。由于停产,墨西哥湾8月份的平均产量为150万桶/日,比7月份减少了30万桶/日。EIA预计,墨西哥湾的原油产量将在9月份逐渐恢复,当月平均产量为120万桶/日,然后在2021年第四季度恢复到平均170万桶/日。
最新月度历史数据显示,6月份美国原油总产量平均为1130万桶/日。EIA预测,到2021年底,该数字仍将保持在该水平附近,在陆地致密油产量增长的推动下,到2022年将增加到平均1170万桶/日。由于运营商开始增加钻机数量,抵消了产量下降的速度,产量将会增长。
美国汽油价格方面
8月份,美国普通汽油零售价平均为3.16美元/加仑,为2014年10月以来的最高月度平均价格。
近期汽油价格上涨反映出,在汽油库存相对较低的情况下,汽油批发利润率不断上升。此外,飓风艾达近期对美国墨西哥湾几家炼油厂的影响,在短期内增加了价格上涨的压力。
预计汽油利润在8月底超过了70美分/加仑。EIA预计,由于美国墨西哥湾沿岸的炼油业务仍处于中断状态,未来几周利润率仍将保持较高水平。EIA预测,9月份汽油零售价平均为3.14美元/加仑,2021年第四季度将降至2.91美元/加仑。
王佳晶 摘译自 OGJ
原文如下:
EIA: Oil market outlook largely unchanged, demand forecasts reduced
In its September Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO), the US Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) outlook for global oil markets is largely unchanged from last month, and EIA continues to expect Brent prices will average $71/bbl in fourth-quarter 2021, and $66/bbl in 2022.
“In the near term, the impact of Hurricane Ida align="justify"> Brent and WTI prices both decreased in first-half August. Increasing OPEC+ crude oil production and flattening global petroleum demand in response to rising COVID-19 cases contributed to the falling crude oil prices. Both benchmarks reached their low points of the month align="justify"> In the September STEO, EIA has revised global oil demand expectations down in 2021, accounting for reactions to the proliferation of the Delta variant. EIA decreased its oil demand expectations primarily in the middle months of 2021 and reduced global oil demand forecast by an average of 500,000 b/d in third-quarter 2021. EIA now expects global oil demand to grow by 5 million b/d in 2021, down from expected growth of 5.3 million b/d in last month’s forecast. EIA also forecasts that global oil consumption will increase an additional 3.6 million b/d in 2022 to average 101 million b/d, almost even with 2019 levels.
US oil production
More than 90% of crude oil production in the Federal Offshore Gulf of Mexico (GOM) was offline in late August following Hurricane Ida. As a result of the outage, GOM production averaged 1.5 million b/d in August, down 300,000 b/d from July. EIA expects that crude oil production in the GOM will gradually come back align="justify"> Total US crude oil production averaged 11.3 million b/d in June—the most recent monthly historical data point. EIA forecasts it will remain near that level through end 2021 before increasing to an average of 11.7 million b/d in 2022, driven by growth in align="justify"> US gasoline prices
US regular gasoline retail prices averaged $3.16/gal in August, the highest monthly average price since October 2014.
Recent gasoline price increases reflect rising wholesale gasoline margins amid relatively low gasoline inventories. In addition, recent impacts from Hurricane Ida align="justify"> Estimated gasoline margins surpassed 70¢/gal in late August. EIA expects margins will remain elevated in the coming weeks as refining operations as US Gulf Coast remain disrupted. EIA forecasts that retail gasoline prices will average $3.14/gal in September before falling to $2.91/gal, on average, in fourth-quarter 2021.





