据今日油价网站1月18日消息 国际能源署（IEA）周一发布最新报告称，2020年全球油气行业甲烷排放量同比下降10%，但行业和政策制定者不应沾沾自喜，因为减少的主要原因是新冠疫情冲击导致油气产量下降。
甲烷是一种比二氧化碳（CO2）强得多的温室气体，尽管它与二氧化碳相比在大气中停留的时间要短得多，大约为12年。然而，IEA表示，甲烷在大气中吸收的能量要多得多。
据该机构称，石油产量约占该行业甲烷排放量的40%，而天然气价值链上的泄漏则占剩余的60%。
去年石油和天然气行业甲烷排放量下降的主要原因是石油和天然气产量下降，特别是在生产排放强度高的国家，尤其是利比亚和委内瑞拉。该机构表示，为应对2020年的低油价，美国页岩钻探活动的减少也有助于减少甲烷排放，一些国家为开发新的天然气基础设施和新的甲烷法规所做的努力也是如此。
2020年，石油和天然气排放量最大的国家是俄罗斯，其次是美国，而以每千吨石油当量的排放量衡量，土库曼斯坦的甲烷浓度第三。
IEA在报告中提醒称，如果政策制定者和石油天然气运营商不采取更多行动，随着产量上升和经济复苏，甲烷排放量今年可能会反弹。
IEA执行主任法蒂赫·比罗尔在一份声明中表示：“石油天然气行业目前的当务之急是确保即使在世界经济复苏之际，甲烷排放量也不会死灰复燃，2019年将成为其历史峰值。没有充分的理由允许这些有害的泄漏继续下去，负责任的经营者完全有理由确保这些泄漏得到解决。”
王磊 摘译自 今日油价
原文如下：
IEA: Methane Emissions Fell In 2020 Amid Production Slowdown
Global methane emissions from the oil and gas sector fell by 10 percent year over year in 2020, but the industry and policy makers shouldn’t be complacent because the reduction was largely the result of the decline in oil and gas production due to the pandemic shock, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said in a new report Methane is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide (CO2), although it stays for much shorter periods of time in the atmosphere—around 12 years, compared with centuries for CO2. Methane, however, absorbs much more energy while it is in the atmosphere, the IEA said.
According to the agency, oil production accounts for around 40 percent of methane emissions in the sector today, while leaks across the natural gas value chain represent the remaining 60 percent.
Most of last year’s decline in methane emissions in the oil and gas sector was due to the lower oil and gas production, especially in countries where production has a high emissions intensity, notably Libya and Venezuela. Reduced U.S. shale drilling activity in response to the low oil prices in 2020 also contributed to reduced methane emissions, as did efforts to develop new gas infrastructure and new methane regulations in a number of countries, the agency said.
In 2020, the biggest methane emitter from oil and gas was Russia, followed by the United States, while Turkmenistan had the third highest methane intensity measured in emissions per kiloton of oil equivalent.
Without more actions from policy makers and oil and gas operators, the methane emissions could rebound this year as production rises and economies recover, the IEA warns in its report.
“The immediate task now for the oil and gas industry is to make sure that there is no resurgence in methane emissions, even as the world economy recovers, and that 2019 becomes their historical peak. There is no good reason to allow these harmful leaks to continue, and there is every reason for responsible operators to ensure that they are addressed,” IEA’s Executive Director Fatih Birol said in a statement.
